Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, which is caused by wear and tear, RA involves the immune system attacking the synovium—the lining of the membranes that surround your joints. This chronic inflammatory disorder can cause painful swelling, bone erosion, and joint deformity.
Causes
The exact cause of RA is unknown, but several factors may play a role, including:
Genetics: Certain genes may increase the risk of developing RA.
Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as smoking, may trigger RA in genetically susceptible individuals.
Hormonal changes: Hormones may play a role in the development and severity of RA.
Symptoms
RA typically affects smaller joints first, such as those in the fingers and toes. Symptoms include:
Joint pain and swelling: Joints become tender, warm, and swollen.
Morning stiffness: Stiffness that lasts for hours is common, especially after waking up.
Fatigue: People with RA often feel tired and lack energy.
Fever: Low-grade fever can occur.
Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss is another possible symptom.
Treatments
While there’s no cure for RA, treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent joint damage, including:
Medications: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological response modifiers, and NSAIDs are commonly used.
Physical therapy: Exercise can help keep joints flexible and strengthen the muscles around them.
Surgery: In severe cases, surgical options include synovectomy, tendon repair, and joint replacement.
Lifestyle changes: A balanced diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, and stress reduction techniques can help manage symptoms.
Conclusion
Rheumatoid arthritis is a serious condition that requires a comprehensive treatment approach. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing symptoms and improving quality of life.